Comparison of the Effectiveness of Agricultural and Educational Policies in Indonesia, South Africa and the United States in Encouraging Agricultural Performance for National Food Security

English

Abstract

This study compares the effectiveness of the Indonesian government's policies as one of the countries with the largest GDP in Southeast Asia, South Africa as one of the countries that has a fairly good economy on the African continent. And the United States is one of the countries that have the largest GDP in the Americas. We use quantitative research by conducting vector analysis on three key variables in employment and agriculture, namely the development of citizen human capital as indicated by education investment, Employment in agriculture and agriculture performance. We found that the accumulation of overall policies in general related to agriculture and education in the United States is effectively able to improve agricultural performance in the United States through investment in education that is still and has an impact on increasing the interest of Americans or people who work in the United States to work in the agricultural sector. In South Africa, the agricultural performance had increased very well but fell in 2008 and continued to decline as well as education investment which was also affected by a decline in education investment in South Africa. This indicates that agricultural income is getting worse due to a decrease in agricultural performance and an increase in employment in agriculture in South Africa. Indonesia, which is an agricultural country, is quite good at encouraging agricultural performance in Indonesia with the accumulation of policies taken by the Indonesian government related to agriculture and education. However, Employment in agriculture in Indonesia has decreased and this is very bad because if the younger generation is not interested in working in agriculture and the employment in agriculture graph in Indonesia continues to decline, there is a potential for the loss of this sector or a decline in agricultural performance due to a shortage of labor.